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、 反馈给医生及其父母和朋友,进而及时帮助患者应对不良的身体反应及情绪(32]。Christina等[13)的研究结果显示,患者每日症状报告总依从性>90%,并且患者在症状报告中受益。Stephen等[14]对102例进行短信交流的癌症患者进行访谈,大多数癌症患者与其同伴建立了情感纽带,找到了归属感,满足了被理解及接受的需求。青年癌症患者通过社交网络相互支持,描述应对癌症的经历,通过表达来宣泄不良情绪凡此外,癌症患者还通过游戏的方式增加与亲人的联系,认识新朋友,加强与社会的联系[33]。数字化健康干预能有效监测患者的症状并促进症状管理,为青年癌症患者提供社会支持,促进患者的心理健康。< >有研究[39]对196例青年癌症患者及其204名父母的创伤后应激障碍进行现状调查。发现近一半的被调查者可能患有创伤后应激障碍。Seitz等[40]对20例 15岁以上的癌症患者实施在线认知行为干预,患者被安排每周2次、每次45 min的写作任务来回顾过去及展望未来。治疗师对患者的写作内容进行书面反馈并给予个性化的心理治疗信息。干预后发现,患者的创伤后应激障碍及焦虑症状有所减轻(P<0.01)。类似的基于互联网对患有创伤后应激障碍患者的研究证明,具有严重症状的创伤后应激障碍患者从治疗中获益最大,表明互联网干预不仅仅适用千轻微病例[41]。目前数字化健康干预针对青年癌症患者创伤后应激障碍的研究较少,仍需更多高质量的研究探讨数字化健康干预在青年癌症患者创伤后应激障碍中的应用效果。 < >
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综述 I
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预立医疗照护计划在肿瘤患者中的应用进展 王心茹绳宇 【摘要) 随着医疗服务模式的转变,肿瘤患者终末期的生活质量逐渐受到重视。该文对预立医疗照护计划(advance care planning,ACP)的发展、ACP在肿瘤患者中的应用、实施ACP注意事项等进行综述,为国内开展ACP研究与实践提供参考。 【关键词) 预立医疗照护计划; 预立医疗指示; 姑息疗法; 综述 (Key words) Advance Care Planning; Advance Directives; Palliative Care; Review
研究[“显示,2014年我国恶性肿瘤病死人数约 229.6万例,患者终末期的生活质量亟需关注。研究[2)表明,肿瘤终末期患者因临终前决策能力有限,无法表达对治疗、护理措施的意愿,所接受的生命支持治疗虽能暂时延长生命,但患者临终前的尊严与舒适无法得到保障[3]。随着国内外学者对安宁疗护研究的不断深入,预立医疗照护计划(advance care plan ning,ACP)逐渐引起关注。ACP是指肿瘤患者在意识 DOI: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2019.02.029 基金项目:北京协和医学院”协和青年科研基金”(2017330020)作者单位:100144北京市 北京协和医学院护理学院 通信作者:绳宇,E-mail:shengyumm@l 26.com 王心茹:女,本科(硕士在读),护师, E-mail:wxrpumc@qq.com 2018-06-21收稿 清楚并具有决策能力时,预先表达个人对临终医疗照护的意愿[4],通过满足患者的个人意愿,提高终末期患者对医务人员的满意度以及生活质量[5],减轻患者家属做决策时的心理负担芞国内对ACP的研究尚处千起步阶段,主要集中千对患者的态度和影响因素的现状调查[7-8],关于ACP实施方面的研究相对较少。本文对ACP的发展、ACP在肿瘤患者中的应用实施ACP的注意事项进行综述,以期为临床护理人员及相关研究者提供参考。
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1993年,美国新罕布什尔州召开临终关怀专家会议,专家一致认为预立医疗指示(advance direc-
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{ ing support values and psychological well-being among can cer survivors?[J].Games Health J,2016,5(2): 128-134.[34) Janine C,Judith P,Mary-Rose B,et al.Effects of mental health self-efficacy on outcomes of a mobile phone and web inter vention for mild-to-moderate depression, anxiety and stress: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial[J].BMC Psy chiatry,2014, 14(1) :272. [35) Kanera IM,Willems RA,Bolman CAW,et al.Use and appre ciation of a tailored self-management eHealth intervention for early cancer survivors : process evaluation of a randomized controlled trial[J].J Med Internet Res,2016, 18(8):e242. [36] Krebs P, Prochaska JO, Rossi JS. A meta-analysis of computer tailored interventions for health behavior change[J]. Prev Med, 2010,51(3/4) :214-221. [37) Mohr DC,Pim C,Kenneth LSupportive accountability:a model for providing human support to enhance adherence to eHealth interventions[J].J Med Internet Res,2011, 13(1) :e30. [38) Ander M,Wikman A,Lj6tsson B,et al.Guided intemet-admin-
Chin J Nurs, February 2019, Vol.54, No.2 istered self-help to reduce symptoms of anxiety and depres sion among adolescents and young adults diagnosed with cancer during adolescence (U-CARE: Young Can) :a study pro tocol for a feasibility trial[J).BMJ Open,2017, 7(1):1-11. [39) Mccarthy MC,Mcneil R,Drew S,et al. Psychological distress and posttraumatic stress symptoms in adolescents and young adults with cancer and their parents[J].J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol,2016,5(4) :322-329. [40) Seitz DC,Knaevelsrud C, Duran G,et al. Efficacy of an inter net-based cognitive-behavioral intervention for long-term sur vivors of pediatric cancer:a pilot study[J). Support Care Can cer,2014,22(8):2075-2083. [41) Moritz S,Timpano KR,Wittekind CE,et al. Harnessing the web:internet and self-help therapy for people with obsessive compulsive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder [ M). New York:Springer,2013:375金397. (本文编辑谢贞)
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